Quote:
Originally Posted by
Russell Dawkins
β‘οΈ
So, what is the difference between a waveguide and a horn? I've always wanted to have a clear answer to that.
Disclaimer:
I'm not a pro speaker builder or physicist but I have built a few speakers, none with horns or waveguides though.
The way I understand it:
The primary goal of horns are to amplify the sound and they achieve this by acoustic impedance matching of the diaphragm and the air, a type of impedance transformer I suppose.
Basically the horn makes it easier for the tweeter to couple its movement to the surrounding air and by doing that the transfer of energy becomes more efficient and you get more/louder sound per watt injected. The bigger the horn the better the coupling.
Also the horns can be designed to radiate in weird patterns.
At the cost of "horn sounds" since all horns have this more or less. Some designs are better at some things and some are better at others. There are a few articles on wikipedia about horns. There are many different designs.
Horn loudspeaker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
All speakers are compromises, horns too. You just have select what compromises you find acceptable.
As you see in the pics above the speaker with the horn has a large woofer in a large box= much sound. If you want louder sound you could add more woofers, you could fill your entire house. These operate at long wavelengths and are small compared to the wavelengths they play. If you want louder treble you just add more tweeters right?? No cant do that, since they operate with much shorter waves you will be creating a combfilter if you have several of them. At different distances and frequencies they will create narrowband suckouts and boosts. So you need to amplify the sounds with horns.
I even think you get the same effect when the distance is very big (compared to the wavelength) between the mid and the tweeter. A speaker could measure as a straight line on axis but move your head a little (or much) and bam instant combfilter mania.
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Waveguides seems to squeeze the top octave off axis disperson together.
Compared to straight ahead on axis (0 degree) maybe you have a drop at 60 degree out (horizonthal) of 6db between 10and 20khz with a certain tweeter in a certain physical dimensioned box with a certain filter (I just pulled these figures out of my ass). With a certain waveguide you could have a 0db drop at 60 degrees from 10-20khz for example.
Waveguides also seems to raise the low freq level (like 2-6khz or so) and possibly enable lower crossover freq of the tweeters. Or at least you get more db at lower freq "for free", (and tweeters don't like low frequencies since they burn up then). Then you can eq this part flat and thereby lower distortion in that area.
Why would one want the same freq response at 60 degrees as 0 degrees??
Because if you listen on axis the speaker will still emit sounds going off axis and sooner or later when these sounds have bounced around in your studio they will hit your ears. Wouldn't it be nice if they sounded the same as the ones coming from on axis? That is: the speakers sends out a straight line spectrum from 0 to maybe 60 degrees, the sound doesnt change character with angle and frequency. so the reflected delayed sound sounds the same as the non reflected.
This is also important at around the crossover frequency for all speakers (waveguide or no waveguide): Ideally you want the same off axis dispersion here from both the tweeter and woofer. Otherwise it sounds bad since the reflected sounds are different from the on axis ones.
I'm not saying a waveguide is a must have. It isn't. It just solves (well it might solve) one or a few problems, and there are many many more things to consider that are just as important or much more important when designing or selecting a speaker.
If it sounds good it sounds good, thats it.
Then again I don't build these professionally so ymmv.
Here are some links about waveguides, some have measurements.
ScanSpeak-Waveguides
Zaph|Audio
benefits and drawbacks of waveguides - diyAudio
Are there advantages to a waveguide tweeter in a typical 3 way?
waveguide for dome tweeter? - diyAudio
Practical DIY Waveguides - Part 3
http://www.htguide.com/forum/showthr...ngoing-studies